Kelaart’s toad (Adenomus kelaartii)

Adenomus kelaartii, commonly known as Kelaart’s toad, is a small toad species endemic to Sri Lanka, mainly found in the south-western part of the island from low elevations up to about 1,230 m. It is named after the zoologist Edward Frederick Kelaart. This species is relatively small, with females larger than males, and shows some variation in skin texture—from smooth to spiny. Its body is usually brown with darker patches, while the underside is pale with brown markings and sometimes small red or blue spots. Kelaart’s toad lives in humid forest habitats, especially in leaf litter near streams, but can also be found in places like rotting logs, rock crevices, and tree holes. It is active both during the day and night. During breeding, males call near water, and females lay long strands of eggs in pools. The tadpoles develop quickly, transforming into small toadlets in about seven weeks. Although it can be locally common, its range is limited and fragmented, and habitat loss due to deforestation is a major threat. Because of this, it is considered a vulnerable species, though it does occur in some protected areas.